Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE, ACE2) gene variants and COVID-19 outcome.
Identifieur interne : 000939 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000938; suivant : 000940Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE, ACE2) gene variants and COVID-19 outcome.
Auteurs : Juan G Mez [Espagne] ; Guillermo M. Albaiceta [Espagne] ; Marta García-Clemente [Espagne] ; Carlos L Pez-Larrea [Espagne] ; Laura Amado-Rodríguez [Espagne] ; Inés Lopez-Alonso [Espagne] ; Tamara Hermida [Espagne] ; Ana I. Enriquez [Espagne] ; Pablo Herrero [Espagne] ; Santiago Mel N [Espagne] ; Marta E. Alvarez-Argüelles [Espagne] ; José A. Boga [Espagne] ; Susana Rojo-Alba [Espagne] ; Elías Cuesta-Llavona [Espagne] ; Victoria Alvarez [Espagne] ; Rebeca Lorca [Espagne] ; Eliecer Coto [Espagne]Source :
- Gene [ 1879-0038 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Espagne (MeSH), Facteurs de risque (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hypercholestérolémie (complications), Hypertension artérielle (complications), Infections à coronavirus (génétique), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Mutation de type INDEL (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (génétique), Pneumopathie virale (génétique), Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH), Techniques de génotypage (MeSH), Études cas-témoins (MeSH).
- MESH :
- génétique : Hypercholestérolémie, Hypertension artérielle, Infections à coronavirus, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Pneumopathie virale.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Betacoronavirus, Espagne, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mutation de type INDEL, Mâle, Pandémies, Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Techniques de génotypage, Études cas-témoins.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Espagne.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Case-Control Studies (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (genetics), Female (MeSH), Genotyping Techniques (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hypercholesterolemia (complications), Hypertension (complications), INDEL Mutation (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (genetics), Pneumonia, Viral (genetics), Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide (MeSH), Risk Factors (MeSH), Spain (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A.
- geographic : Spain.
- complications : Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension.
- genetics : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Betacoronavirus, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genotyping Techniques, Humans, INDEL Mutation, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Young Adult.
Abstract
The Angiotensin system is implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. First, ACE2 is the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and expression of the ACE2 gene could regulate the individuaĺs susceptibility to infection. In addition, the balance between ACE1 and ACE2 activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and could play a role in the severity of COVID-19. Functional ACE1/ACE2 gene polymorphisms have been associated with the risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and could thus also contribute to the outcome of COVID-19. We studied 204 COVID-19 patients (137 non-severe and 67 severe-ICU cases) and 536 age-matched controls. The ACE1 insertion/deletion and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism were determined. Variables frequencies were compared between the groups by logistic regression. We also sequenced the ACE2 coding nucleotides in a group of patients. Severe COVID-19 was associated with hypertension male gender (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.006), hypercholesterolaemia (p = 0.046), and the ACE1-DD genotype (p = 0.049). In the multiple logistic regression hypertension (p = 0.02, OR = 2.26, 95%CI = 1.12-4.63) and male gender (p = 0.002; OR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.56-6.66) remained as independent significant predictors of severity. The ACE2 polymorphism was not associated with the disease outcome. The ACE2 sequencing showed no coding sequence variants that could explain an increased risk of developing COVID-19. In conclusion, an adverse outcome of COVID-19 was associated with male gender, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and the ACE1 genotype. Our work suggested that the ACE1-I/D might influence COVID-19 severity, but the effect was dependent on the hypertensive status. This result requires further validation in other large cohorts.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145102
PubMed: 32882331
PubMed Central: PMC7456966
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez Alonso, Ines" sort="Lopez Alonso, Ines" uniqKey="Lopez Alonso I" first="Inés" last="Lopez-Alonso">Inés Lopez-Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. 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Enriquez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrero, Pablo" sort="Herrero, Pablo" uniqKey="Herrero P" first="Pablo" last="Herrero">Pablo Herrero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mel N, Santiago" sort="Mel N, Santiago" uniqKey="Mel N S" first="Santiago" last="Mel N">Santiago Mel N</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Arguelles, Marta E" sort="Alvarez Arguelles, Marta E" uniqKey="Alvarez Arguelles M" first="Marta E" last="Alvarez-Argüelles">Marta E. Alvarez-Argüelles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boga, Jose A" sort="Boga, Jose A" uniqKey="Boga J" first="José A" last="Boga">José A. Boga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rojo Alba, Susana" sort="Rojo Alba, Susana" uniqKey="Rojo Alba S" first="Susana" last="Rojo-Alba">Susana Rojo-Alba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuesta Llavona, Elias" sort="Cuesta Llavona, Elias" uniqKey="Cuesta Llavona E" first="Elías" last="Cuesta-Llavona">Elías Cuesta-Llavona</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez, Victoria" sort="Alvarez, Victoria" uniqKey="Alvarez V" first="Victoria" last="Alvarez">Victoria Alvarez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorca, Rebeca" sort="Lorca, Rebeca" uniqKey="Lorca R" first="Rebeca" last="Lorca">Rebeca Lorca</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coto, Eliecer" sort="Coto, Eliecer" uniqKey="Coto E" first="Eliecer" last="Coto">Eliecer Coto</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: eliecer.coto@sespa.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32882331</idno><idno type="pmid">32882331</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.gene.2020.145102</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7456966</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000355</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000355</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000355</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000355</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000355</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE, ACE2) gene variants and COVID-19 outcome.</title><author><name sortKey="G Mez, Juan" sort="G Mez, Juan" uniqKey="G Mez J" first="Juan" last="G Mez">Juan G Mez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albaiceta, Guillermo M" sort="Albaiceta, Guillermo M" uniqKey="Albaiceta G" first="Guillermo M" last="Albaiceta">Guillermo M. Albaiceta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Clemente, Marta" sort="Garcia Clemente, Marta" uniqKey="Garcia Clemente M" first="Marta" last="García-Clemente">Marta García-Clemente</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Larrea, Carlos" sort="L Pez Larrea, Carlos" uniqKey="L Pez Larrea C" first="Carlos" last="L Pez-Larrea">Carlos L Pez-Larrea</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amado Rodriguez, Laura" sort="Amado Rodriguez, Laura" uniqKey="Amado Rodriguez L" first="Laura" last="Amado-Rodríguez">Laura Amado-Rodríguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez Alonso, Ines" sort="Lopez Alonso, Ines" uniqKey="Lopez Alonso I" first="Inés" last="Lopez-Alonso">Inés Lopez-Alonso</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hermida, Tamara" sort="Hermida, Tamara" uniqKey="Hermida T" first="Tamara" last="Hermida">Tamara Hermida</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enriquez, Ana I" sort="Enriquez, Ana I" uniqKey="Enriquez A" first="Ana I" last="Enriquez">Ana I. Enriquez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrero, Pablo" sort="Herrero, Pablo" uniqKey="Herrero P" first="Pablo" last="Herrero">Pablo Herrero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mel N, Santiago" sort="Mel N, Santiago" uniqKey="Mel N S" first="Santiago" last="Mel N">Santiago Mel N</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Arguelles, Marta E" sort="Alvarez Arguelles, Marta E" uniqKey="Alvarez Arguelles M" first="Marta E" last="Alvarez-Argüelles">Marta E. Alvarez-Argüelles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boga, Jose A" sort="Boga, Jose A" uniqKey="Boga J" first="José A" last="Boga">José A. Boga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rojo Alba, Susana" sort="Rojo Alba, Susana" uniqKey="Rojo Alba S" first="Susana" last="Rojo-Alba">Susana Rojo-Alba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuesta Llavona, Elias" sort="Cuesta Llavona, Elias" uniqKey="Cuesta Llavona E" first="Elías" last="Cuesta-Llavona">Elías Cuesta-Llavona</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez, Victoria" sort="Alvarez, Victoria" uniqKey="Alvarez V" first="Victoria" last="Alvarez">Victoria Alvarez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorca, Rebeca" sort="Lorca, Rebeca" uniqKey="Lorca R" first="Rebeca" last="Lorca">Rebeca Lorca</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oviedo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coto, Eliecer" sort="Coto, Eliecer" uniqKey="Coto E" first="Eliecer" last="Coto">Eliecer Coto</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: eliecer.coto@sespa.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Gene</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-0038</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Case-Control Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (genetics)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Genotyping Techniques (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hypercholesterolemia (complications)</term><term>Hypertension (complications)</term><term>INDEL Mutation (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (genetics)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (genetics)</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide (MeSH)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Spain (MeSH)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Espagne (MeSH)</term><term>Facteurs de risque (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Hypercholestérolémie (complications)</term><term>Hypertension artérielle (complications)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (génétique)</term><term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Mutation de type INDEL (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (génétique)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (génétique)</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH)</term><term>Techniques de génotypage (MeSH)</term><term>Études cas-témoins (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Spain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Hypercholesterolemia</term><term>Hypertension</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hypercholestérolémie</term><term>Hypertension artérielle</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Genotyping Techniques</term><term>Humans</term><term>INDEL Mutation</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Espagne</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mutation de type INDEL</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Techniques de génotypage</term><term>Études cas-témoins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Espagne</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The Angiotensin system is implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. First, ACE2 is the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and expression of the ACE2 gene could regulate the individuaĺs susceptibility to infection. In addition, the balance between ACE1 and ACE2 activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and could play a role in the severity of COVID-19. Functional ACE1/ACE2 gene polymorphisms have been associated with the risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and could thus also contribute to the outcome of COVID-19. We studied 204 COVID-19 patients (137 non-severe and 67 severe-ICU cases) and 536 age-matched controls. The ACE1 insertion/deletion and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism were determined. Variables frequencies were compared between the groups by logistic regression. We also sequenced the ACE2 coding nucleotides in a group of patients. Severe COVID-19 was associated with hypertension male gender (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.006), hypercholesterolaemia (p = 0.046), and the ACE1-DD genotype (p = 0.049). In the multiple logistic regression hypertension (p = 0.02, OR = 2.26, 95%CI = 1.12-4.63) and male gender (p = 0.002; OR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.56-6.66) remained as independent significant predictors of severity. The ACE2 polymorphism was not associated with the disease outcome. The ACE2 sequencing showed no coding sequence variants that could explain an increased risk of developing COVID-19. In conclusion, an adverse outcome of COVID-19 was associated with male gender, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and the ACE1 genotype. Our work suggested that the ACE1-I/D might influence COVID-19 severity, but the effect was dependent on the hypertensive status. This result requires further validation in other large cohorts.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32882331</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-0038</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>762</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Gene</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Gene</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE, ACE2) gene variants and COVID-19 outcome.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>145102</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0378-1119(20)30771-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.gene.2020.145102</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The Angiotensin system is implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. First, ACE2 is the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and expression of the ACE2 gene could regulate the individuaĺs susceptibility to infection. In addition, the balance between ACE1 and ACE2 activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and could play a role in the severity of COVID-19. Functional ACE1/ACE2 gene polymorphisms have been associated with the risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and could thus also contribute to the outcome of COVID-19. We studied 204 COVID-19 patients (137 non-severe and 67 severe-ICU cases) and 536 age-matched controls. The ACE1 insertion/deletion and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphism were determined. Variables frequencies were compared between the groups by logistic regression. We also sequenced the ACE2 coding nucleotides in a group of patients. Severe COVID-19 was associated with hypertension male gender (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.006), hypercholesterolaemia (p = 0.046), and the ACE1-DD genotype (p = 0.049). In the multiple logistic regression hypertension (p = 0.02, OR = 2.26, 95%CI = 1.12-4.63) and male gender (p = 0.002; OR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.56-6.66) remained as independent significant predictors of severity. The ACE2 polymorphism was not associated with the disease outcome. The ACE2 sequencing showed no coding sequence variants that could explain an increased risk of developing COVID-19. In conclusion, an adverse outcome of COVID-19 was associated with male gender, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and the ACE1 genotype. Our work suggested that the ACE1-I/D might influence COVID-19 severity, but the effect was dependent on the hypertensive status. This result requires further validation in other large cohorts.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gómez</LastName><ForeName>Juan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Albaiceta</LastName><ForeName>Guillermo M</ForeName><Initials>GM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>García-Clemente</LastName><ForeName>Marta</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>López-Larrea</LastName><ForeName>Carlos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amado-Rodríguez</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lopez-Alonso</LastName><ForeName>Inés</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hermida</LastName><ForeName>Tamara</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Enriquez</LastName><ForeName>Ana I</ForeName><Initials>AI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herrero</LastName><ForeName>Pablo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melón</LastName><ForeName>Santiago</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alvarez-Argüelles</LastName><ForeName>Marta E</ForeName><Initials>ME</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boga</LastName><ForeName>José A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rojo-Alba</LastName><ForeName>Susana</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cuesta-Llavona</LastName><ForeName>Elías</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alvarez</LastName><ForeName>Victoria</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lorca</LastName><ForeName>Rebeca</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coto</LastName><ForeName>Eliecer</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: eliecer.coto@sespa.es.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>31</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Gene</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7706761</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0378-1119</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.15.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C488034">ACE protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.15.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007703">Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.17.-</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C413524">angiotensin converting enzyme 2</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016022" MajorTopicYN="N">Case-Control Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060005" MajorTopicYN="N">Genotyping Techniques</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006937" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypercholesterolemia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006973" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypertension</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054643" MajorTopicYN="N">INDEL Mutation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007703" MajorTopicYN="N">Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020641" MajorTopicYN="N">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013030" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Spain</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Angiotensin converting enzyme</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Gene polymorphism</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic association</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>20</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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